Research Paper Are Hybrid Cars Really Head and Shoulders above the Usual Ones

Research Paper: Are Hybrid Cars Really Head and Shoulders above the Usual Ones? Hybrid cars, which have a combined electric and petrol engine, are reported to grant their owners whopping advantages. Their advertising campaigns attract those people, who are preoccupied about the state of the environment and those who want to save the money on petrol. But do the hybrid cars live up to our expectations based on the catchy promotional slogans? Firstly, the hybrid cars are claimed to be a much more economical alternative to the usual gasoline-powered cars. Hybrid cars’ manufacturers focus our attention on such a feature as ‘regenerative braking’ that means that either fuel or electrical power can function by itself or in conjunction, depending on which one is stronger at a particular moment. To put it simply, they complement each other. However, the experiments have shown that the difference in the gasoline consumption between hybrid and ordinary cars is not outstanding. Yet the prices for hybrid cars tend to sting. Although people opting for hybrid cars will be able to save money as the petrol prices rise, the sum will be overwhelmed by the increased cost of the car. The second hyped advantage of the hybrid cars is that they effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Sadly enough, the claim does not stand up to scrutiny either. The experiments have demonstrated that many so-called ‘green carsâ⠂¬â„¢ do not live up to their manufacturer’s promises and actually substantially exceed the level of carbon emissions initially specified by their manufacturing company. On balance, it appears that a large number of

Blessed Among Nations And By Elizabeth Borgwardt - 1749 Words

Although the United States of America presently ranks in the top tier of nations among the world, this was clearly not the case in the nineteenth century as America was not viewed a nation that created much worry to other countries before 1900. Shortly into the twentieth century, however, circumstances shifted to bring America towards the top to rise above most countries in its relationship towards its citizens and other countries. This movement to become a powerhouse of a country was dissected and discussed by Eric Rauchway in his book Blessed Among Nations and by Elizabeth Borgwardt in A New Deal for the World. In Blessed Among Nations, Rauchway discusses in detail how America became the leading country in many aspects with the causes ranging from creating the largest economy by relying on other countries capitol to the large influx of immigrants. Borgwardt takes a different route by discussing the result of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill s Atlantic Conference and the post-World War II world. One thing that contributed to the rise of America was the large amounts of immigrants pouring into this country. During the 1880 s to the 1920 s, America saw its greatest arrival of immigrants in history. Counts upwards of 25 million showed people arriving here mostly from Eastern and Southern Europe. At this time, more immigrants, and different nationalities of immigrants, were traveling to America than to any other country. As the majority of them sailed across

Ethical Egoism free essay sample

Imagine that you’re walking down a crowded street and an old woman with bags in her hand is walking towards you. The handles on her bags break, and all of her belongings go tumbling to the ground. People walk by, look at her, and keep walking. Unlike them, you stop and help her pick everything up. She simply looks at you and says, â€Å"Thank you†. You smile at her and then continue on your way, feeling much better about yourself because you cared enough to stop and help. Some people think we ought to only do what is best for ourselves, but I will present evidence that this is a misunderstanding of ethics and the incorrect way of approaching ethics. Ethical egoism doesn’t say that we have no choice but to act in our self-interest like psychological egoism. Instead, it says that we ought to only do what is in our personal rational self-interest; this self-interest should be long term. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Egoism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, an ethical egoist realizes that I should go to the dentist to get a cavity removed even though it causes me pain because it can prevent even more pain in the future. In this paper, I will explain what ethical egoism is, give examples why ethical egoism is incorrect, provide examples that support ethical egoism, and clarify why those reasons are inaccurate. We have â€Å"natural duties† to others â€Å"simply because they are people who could be helped or harmed by our actions† (FE p. 113). In other words, if a certain action on our part could help another, then this is a reason why we should help others. The interests of others count from a moral point of view, even if ethical egoism claims that morality comes from doing what is in our self-interest; I don’t believe that true. So: other peoples’ interests are significant and count from a moral point of view. We can help others. Thus, we should help others. This argument would be an argument for altruism. Some disagree with it, namely ethical egoists; according to ethical egoism, â€Å"one has a moral obligation to only serve and promote one’s own interests† (FE p. 107). The first argument I would like to bring to light is the argument from altruism. It starts with three assumptions. 1.) We do not know the interests of others. Since we cannot know others’ interests, we are likely to fail in our attempts to help others. We are, however, in a good position to know our own interests. 2.) Helping others is invasive. 3.) Helping others can be degrading in the way it says that they  are not competent to care for themselves. From these assumptions, we get the following argument: 1.) We should do whatever will promote the interests of everyone alike. 2.) The interests of others are best promoted if each of us adopts the policy of pursuing our own interests. 3.) Thus, each of us should adopt the policy of pursuing our own interests exclusively. However, retaliation is quite simple. The above argument is not an egoistic argument—it’s actually an altruistic one. Notice that although the conclusion says that we ought to act egoistically, the conclusion is driven by the motivation of altruism (in premise 1). So it really says, â€Å"In order to be successfully altruistic, everyone should act as an egoist.† Thomas Hobbes’s argument says that common-sense moral intuitions can always be explained in terms of ethical egoism. We should do certain things (like tell the truth, don’t kill, etc.) because in the long run they serve our interests. Examples of those would be if we make a habit of harming others, people will be reluctant to help us or refrain from harming us (thus it is in our own interests not to harm others), and if we lie to people, we will get a bad reputation so people won’t be honest with us as a result (thus it is in our own best interests to be truthful). Hobbes’s argument looks something like this: 1.) If it serves my own interests to adopt some â€Å"altruistic principles,† then I should adopt some altruistic principles. 2.) It serves my own interests (as in the examples provided above) to adopt some â€Å"altruistic principles.† 3.) In conclusion, I should adopt some altruistic principles (Hobbes, EL, p. 120). Hobbes’s argument is the reverse of the argument from altruism. (We start with egoistic motivations and goals, and end up acting like altruists.) A great example of why ethical egoism doesn’t work lies in racism. Why doesn’t racism work? Because it claims that one groups’ interests are more important than another’s yet fails to be able to show that the one group has properties which are salient in the sense of proving that they’re more important. Now what about egoism? It requires that we believe that from each person’s perspective, his or her own interests are more important than everyone else’s. If this is so, we must be able to come up with some salient differences between the self and others to ground it. Otherwise, it is no different than racism. However, an ethical egoist could simply say it is in fact in our best interest to put our own interests above everyone else’s. If everyone were to do that, we would all be of the same importance. Now, I’m going to integrate an argument for ethical egoism that I learned in an economics class. It’s called the invisible hand, which is an economic theory that claims that we should expect a prosperous society from rationally self-interested individuals motivated by profit who compete for business. The invisible hand is an argument for ethical egoism because if the invisible hand argument is sound, ethical egoism within a capitalistic economy leads to prosperity. Ethical egoism is endorsed by the invisible hand argument as long as it requires people to act on the profit motive, have rational self-interest and has absolutely no need for empathy. Ethical egoism could be used for practical reasons because everyday decision-making is not necessarily compatible with a completed moral theory. There might be some sort of ethical egoism that encourages us to have empathy, help others, and look out for the interests of others, but the egoism endorsed by the â€Å"invisible hand† is not that sort of egoism. Instead, it requires a more selfish and pure form of egoism. This kind of egoism is impractical because we generally hurt others exactly when we think it’s in our self-interest to do so, and it seems false because it seems unlikely that hurting others would never be in our personal self-interest. Whether you believe the moral thing to do is pursuing your own self interest exclusively or that doing the moral thing is simply doing the right thing in regards to others’ needs, morals are and always have been a complicated issue. We are raised with morals, told to obey the moral laws, we marry people with the same moral values that we posses, and then pass on our moral values to our children. Although there are positives to ethical egoism, such as only being responsible for your own self-interests, I don’t believe it’s the correct approach to ethics. I believe in altruism, and it only takes one person doing a truly selfless act to disprove ethical egoism.

Benefits and Challenges of Cloud Services

Question: Discuss about the Benefits and Challenges of Cloud Services. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing plays a great role in providing various advantages over the Smartphone applications and other technical advancements within the growing market place. This report is elaborating various benefits of cloud computing in this sector. Cloud Computing for Smartphone-like devices apps development and growing in the marketplace Benefits of cloud computing over Smartphone applications Cloud computing provides various benefits to the field of mobile applications of the Smartphone (Chandramouli, Iorga Chokhani, 2014). These applications make the operations and system functionalities easier with respect to the technical advancements as well as with respect to the user demands. Some of these advantages are elaborated in this report. These are explained as follows: Sharing of information: Previously the users needed improvised system architecture that is the hardware and software for sharing data and important information with the help of their mobile devices (El Amraoui Sethom, 2016). In contrast with this fact, in the contemporary times, the users dont need the complex architecture such as complex hardware and software for transferring their data and information. In spite of this, the cloud based smart phone applications made the system made these transfers easy and effective accordingly the contemporary scenario. Enhanced features and functionalities: New cloud applications are easy to operate the within the smart phones in order to maintain the effectiveness of the operations at present situation. In addition to this, enhanced features and functionalities of system provide more effectiveness to the users with respect to their demands and needs in the contemporary timing (Garg, Versteeg Buyya, 2013). The technical feasibility and effective functional options provided through the cloud computing applications in the smart phones enhances the speed of operations as well as this ensures about the accuracy of the results collected from the cloud computing applications. Ease of access: Cloud provide various kinds of access to the users as this provides private, public and protected services to the users. All of these access patterns are easy to be operated by the users (Kovatsch, Lanter Shelby, 2014). This accessing the process is not dependent on the place, time and other aspects related to the users applications. In addition to this, mostly the organization uses the private and protected features. Some cloud hosts provide the public access to their data in order to maintain its features. Broader reach of the users: Cloud features can be used globally that defines the effectiveness of the system architecture of the cloud computing approaches (Park Kim, 2014). In addition to this, there is various other technical feasibility analysis that ensures about the effectiveness of the cloud computing over smart phone applications. Cost effectiveness of the system architecture as well as the vendors: Now a days the cloud vendors are easily available and any organization or institute can utilize the cloud services within selective cost structure within their premises (Rodrguez-Garca et al., 2014). Challenges and benefits of SaaS Greentek is one application development organization that mainly deals with medical research and development aspects. In contrast with this fact, the organization wants to migrate their system architecture to the PaaS system of cloud system (Sunyaev Schneider, 2013). In contrast with this fact, there are various challenges as well as various benefits involved in this migration process. These challenges and benefits are elaborated in this part of the report. These are given as follows: Benefits of PaaS Quick Development and Testing: Greentek can easily cope up with the different configurations and developmental features of the system architecture. In addition to this, the deployment and development team of Greentek can easily operate multiple machines at different locations as per their demands (Willcocks Lacity, 2016). In contrast with this fact the testing and other important development features can be tested with the help of PaaS application within the organization. Dynamic allocation: In accordance with the competitive market places, IT departments need the flexibility and operational excellence for implementing new application within the organization (Zhang, Cherkasova Loo, 2015). Dynamic allocation provides effective testing opportunities and market analysis with the help of cloud application support. Increased focus for business and international entrepreneurship: The organizational heads are responsible for the effective decision makings and other important aspect involved within the system architecture of the Greentek. This aspect allows the organizational heads in solving various issues that helps them to focus on the international requirements of business (Zheng et al., 2013). Challenges of PaaS In contrast with various kinds of benefits of PaaS applications, there are various challenges that are included within the Greentek. These challenges are elaborated as follows: Data security: Like other cloud computing applications, PaaS also involves various technical and data security related issues within the system architecture of Greentek. This aspect reduces the technical feasibility of the system architecture (Chandramouli, Iorga Chokhani, 2014). The third party hosts involves various malicious codes and effective threats within the system architecture of the organization. Limited Flexibility: The PaaS solution cannot match with the IaaS applications or solutions within the organizational structures (El Amraoui Sethom, 2016). The product of PaaS does not match in compatibility with the SaaS products. This aspect also reduces the effectiveness of the system architecture in PaaS applications in Greentek. Customer Captivity: The customer captivity with the help of limited number of PaaS vendors is not enough to serve them better way (Garg, Versteeg Buyya, 2013). This aspect also reduces the effectiveness of the system offerings of the PaaS. Problems of integration: There is various integration issues involved within the system architecture of the PaaS applications. This application can trigger the increase of complexity of the system. Challenges of the SaaS within Greentek Greentek wants to implement the SaaS application in order to improvise their system architecture. In contrast with these facts, there are various challenges of SaaS applications and these are explained as follows: Security and privacy challenges: SaaS is nothing but the application of clod base and it involves various security and privacy threats within the system architecture within the technical domain of Greentek. This aspect is considered as one of the most effective challenges of Greentek. Hybrid IT infrastructure: SaaS is one of the most complex hybrid architecture that offers various complexities within the system architecture of Greentek. Once the organization combines its existing system architecture with the cloud applications then it becomes more complex than the previous one (Kovatsch, Lanter Shelby, 2014). Complex architecture: Complex architecture is another disadvantage of the SaaS applications involved within the system architecture of the Greentek. In addition to this, the complex architecture involved within SaaS cloud set up makes the operations tough to be managed (Park Kim, 2014). Lack of skills among employees: Most of the time, the employee does not have proper skills and effective knowledge about the system architecture of Greentek (Rodrguez-Garca et al., 2014). This aspect reduces the chances of managing the complex system architecture of Greentek. Access challenges: In contrast with various disadvantages of the SaaS, access challenge is another disadvantage of SaaS applications. Whenever any organization or system heads are using the tools of SaaS, access control becomes a difficult challenge for them (Sunyaev Schneider, 2013). Any traditional software offers various monitoring setting to the users in order access the information and data within the cloud. In contrast with this fact, the SaaS applications does not provide this controlling measures to the users in order to maintain the system architecture and various other functions. Time constraint: Time constraint is another technical disadvantage of the SaaS applications within the system architecture (Willcocks, Lacity, 2016). As the complexity of the system architecture is increased due to the SaaS implementation process, time constraint makes the system architecture more inefficient in Greentek. Faulty integration: Faulty integration is another disadvantage of the SaaS application within Greentek. In addition to this, the accounting and sales data are not synced with the system architecture of SaaS application (Zhang, Cherkasova Loo, 2015). This is known as the faulty integration of the SaaS application within any organization. Uploading of files and other aspects that are important to be connected may create issues during the transfer of files and data. Conclusion This report is elaborating all the benefits of the cloud computing in the field of Smartphone applications in the present era. This assignment is considering Greentek, one application development organization that wants to implement SaaS within their organization. In contrast with this fact, various benefits and challenges are being elaborated in this assignment. References Chandramouli, R., Iorga, M., Chokhani, S. (2014). Cryptographic key management issues and challenges in cloud services. InSecure Cloud Computing(pp. 1-30). Springer New York. El Amraoui, A., Sethom, K. (2016, March). Cloudlet Softwarization for Pervasive Healthcare. InAdvanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA), 2016 30th International Conference on(pp. 628-632). IEEE. Garg, S. K., Versteeg, S., Buyya, R. (2013). A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), 1012-1023. Kovatsch, M., Lanter, M., Shelby, Z. (2014, October). Californium: Scalable cloud services for the internet of things with coap. InInternet of Things (IOT), 2014 International Conference on the(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Park, E., Kim, K. J. (2014). An integrated adoption model of mobile cloud services: exploration of key determinants and extension of technology acceptance model.Telematics and Informatics,31(3), 376-385. Rodrguez-Garca, M. ., Valencia-Garca, R., Garca-Snchez, F., Samper-Zapater, J. J. (2014). Ontology-based annotation and retrieval of services in the cloud.Knowledge-Based Systems,56, 15-25. Sunyaev, A., Schneider, S. (2013). Cloud services certification.Communications of the ACM,56(2), 33-36. Willcocks, L. P., Lacity, M. C. (Eds.). (2016).The new IT outsourcing landscape: from innovation to cloud services. Springer. Zhang, Z., Cherkasova, L., Loo, B. T. (2015). Exploiting cloud heterogeneity to optimize performance and cost of MapReduce processing.ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,42(4), 38-50. Zheng, Z., Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Lyu, M. R., Wang, J. (2013). QoS ranking prediction for cloud services.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(6), 1213-1222.